General Anesthesia
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What Is Gynaecomastia?
Gynaecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue. It may be caused by ageing, weight gain, certain medical conditions, medications, or bodybuilding supplements. If there is no underlying medical issue, surgical correction can be considered.
The psychological impact of gynaecomastia — particularly the need to conceal it — is a key reason why many men opt for surgery. The procedure has a high success rate and restores a more masculine chest contour.
Gynaecomastia surgery involves reducing the enlarged breast tissue through surgical techniques. The procedure varies depending on skin sagging, the amount and type of fat, and the position and size of the areola (the darker area around the nipple).
Who Can Receive Gynaecomastia?
Men with excessive breast tissue should first undergo an endocrinological evaluation. Gynaecomastia may result from hormonal imbalances or other medical issues. If caused by a separate condition, that condition should be treated first. Gynaecomastia occurring during puberty may resolve naturally and does not typically require surgery before age 18. The procedure can address several issues:
Abnormal breast growth in men can be caused by various factors such as certain medications or substances used for bodybuilding. Therefore, before opting for surgery, it is essential to examine the tissue with an ultrasound and carry out relevant tests in the endocrinology department.
How Is Gynaecomastia Performed?
If the breast enlargement is solely due to fat and skin elasticity remains intact, liposuction alone may suffice. If firm tissue is present, it must be surgically excised. Sometimes both liposuction and tissue removal are performed in the same session. Where sagging skin is present, it is tightened by removing the excess. The nipple’s areola may also be repositioned. Incisions are made as small and discreet as possible, and in some techniques, no external incision is required. The operation takes approximately 40 minutes. It can be performed under local anaesthesia, sedation, or general anaesthesia, depending on the case. If stitches are placed externally, they are usually removed within a week.
Recovery is typically quick and comfortable, and patients can return to daily life shortly after the procedure.
Risks and Complications of Gynaecomastia Surgery
Complications are rare. When performed without incisions (via micro-entry), risks related to wounds and anaesthesia are minimal. If incisions are made, the area should be kept dry and protected, and a compression garment is recommended. Infection can be prevented through hygiene and proper wound care. Pain is generally minimal. Temporary effects like bruising, swelling, or numbness usually resolve within days. Bleeding is uncommon but can be controlled with a drain if needed.
Recovery and Longevity
Results are long-lasting. Gynaecomastia is unlikely to recur unless significant weight gain or other medical issues arise.
The type of anaesthesia used in gynaecomastia surgery affects how soon the patient can be discharged. If the operation is performed under general anaesthesia, the patient will stay in hospital overnight. If local anaesthesia is used, the patient can go home the same day. After returning home, the patient can resume daily activities. The post-operative compression garment should be worn continuously for three to six weeks. After the third week, it may be worn during the day only. Wearing the compression garment is essential during the recovery period. Swimming in the pool or sea should be avoided for two weeks. Activities that may increase the risk of oedema should be avoided until the end of the six-week period. Mild pain, stinging, or bruising may occur in the first few days, but these symptoms are temporary. Maintaining a healthy diet during recovery is important. It is also essential to attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your doctor.
Things to Consider
The following should be taken into account before and after surgery:
